HEPATITIS B: TRANSMISSION, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major world health problem and a common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV may occur as acute or chronic. Persistent elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and presence of hepatitis B surface antigen for > 6 months after infection suggest chronic HBV. Presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA in serum indicate active disease. Treatment is indicated for chronic active HBV. The aim of treatment is to suppress viral replication and eliminate the virus. HBV can be prevented by practicing safe, good hygiene and vaccination.